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性别 | 女 | 年龄 | 49 | 临床诊断 | |
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临床症状 | 阴道肿块,并无疼痛 | ||||
标本名称 | 尿道与阴道间隙肿块 | ||||
大体所见 | 淡黄色卵圆形包块1枚,2cm×1.5cm×1cm,切面亮白色,质韧。 |
本例图片采用麦克奥迪MoticBA410显微镜+MoticamPro285A摄像头采集制作。
点评专家:王曦
点评专家:王曦(42楼 链接:>>点击查看<< )
获奖名单:xhyong(12楼 链接:>>点击查看<< )
知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。(语出幽梦影)
非常敬佩王老师的专业精神,这面为点评译文:
虽然前面的点评被立刻屏蔽,我仍想“承认”根据所提供图片的形态,我对这例的最初诊断是“血管肌纤维母细胞瘤”,下面是诊断的理由:
肿瘤比较小(2cm),边界清楚,无同侵袭性血管粘液瘤样的细胞减少区。细胞排列(簇状、索状和单个细胞)和细胞形态(星形、梭形,有时呈上皮样)呈现多样性,部分区域细胞增多,其它区域大多透明样/粘液样变。总体上肿瘤细胞非常温和。血管主要是毛细血管至小血管,伴有血管周透明样变,有带有嗜酸性胞质的上皮样细胞丛(最后的视图为图17及其它),类似于血管肌纤维母细胞瘤中的上皮样细胞,这些细胞呈簇状围绕血管或呈巢、索状及单个细胞位于透明样或粘液样间质中,存在肥大细胞及慢性炎细胞,没有明显分裂相或可辩认的坏死。
但是另发送给我的图片:
我不得不说这些图片与上面提供的图片不同,根据这些形态肯定是平滑肌肿瘤(细胞长束状,互相交叉,有浓的嗜酸性胞质),回头看看原来的图片,我认识到这些可能为梭形束状的灶状区域 ,虽然没有接近于这些图片。
关于平滑肌瘤及平滑肌肉瘤,在镜下必须数分裂相、可以寻找肿瘤性坏死及其它特征,Ki67标记是有用的,特别是当与附近正常组织(平滑肌)比较时。我不得不说对于粘液样或上皮样平滑肌肿瘤,不需要用分裂相来分类其为恶性。
终究这例是一个很好的教训:全面分析病例,而不是仅选择部分区域。
Xhyong应该是获奖者,他/她最先做出平滑肌瘤的诊断,而我甚至没有考虑到。
Even though it is blocked right now, I would still like to “confess” that my original diagnosis for this case was “angiomyofibroblastoma”, based on the morphology posted on line. Here are my rationalizations for that diagnosis:
The tumor is small size (2 cm), well circumscribed, and not hypocellular as the aggressive angiomyxoma. It appears to be heterogeneous in cell distribution (clusters, cords and single cells) and in cell morphology (stellate, spindle and sometimes epithelioid), with areas relatively hypercellular and other areas more hyalinized/myxoid. The tumor cells in general are very bland. The vasculature is mainly capillaries to small vessels with perivascular hyalinization. There are clusters of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm (best viewed in slide 17 and others), resembling the epithelioid cells in angiomyofibroblastoma. These cells can be clustered around vessels or as nests or cords or single cells in hyalinized/myxoid stroma. Mast cells and chronic inflammation cells are present, while no apparent mitosis or necrosis identified.
But then additional photos were sent to me:
I have to say that these photos look a lot different from the photos posted on line. It has to be smooth muscle tumor based on this morphology (cellular long fascicles intersecting with each other and with thick eosinophilic cytoplasm). Looking back at the original photos, I realize that there might be focal areas with spindle fascicles (slide 14, 15), even though it was nothing close to these photos.
As to leiomyoma vs leiomyosarcoma, one will have to count the mitosis and maybe look for tumor necrosis and other features under microscope. A Ki67 stain could be helpful as well, especially when it is compared with nearby normal tissue (smooth muscle). I have to say that for myxoid or epithelioid smooth muscle tumors, one doesn't need that many mitoses to classify it as malignant.
After all, a good lesson to learn in this case is that one should analyze the entire case, not just selected areas.
Xlhong should be the winner. He/she already made the diagnosis of smooth muscle tumor from the very begining, while I didn't even consider it.
zhaoyan2006 离线
xhyong老师总结(呈条索样、上皮样的软组织肿瘤大家可能有了解很多:比如上皮样平滑肌瘤 上皮样血管内皮瘤,上皮样血管肉瘤,间皮瘤,副脊索瘤/肌上皮瘤 粘液样软骨肉瘤 部分GIST。同时有广义的两种分化的软组织肿瘤:间皮瘤,血管内皮瘤,GIST ,滑膜肉瘤,MPNST,平滑肌肿瘤。)这些总结很有帮助,拿到一个病例如果都从这个角度去思考,然后去鉴别诊断,才有可能获得正确的诊断。
拿到这个病例,限于部位,我首先想到的是血管肌纤维母细胞瘤,鉴别诊断:上皮样血管内皮瘤,副脊索瘤。看到大家的发言,收获颇丰。谢谢各位高手的发言。
zhenshijian 离线
诊断:血管肌纤维母细胞瘤
依据:部位可算是会阴、阴道壁肿物。无症状。体积很小。镜下:低倍边界清楚,非侵袭性生长的,但也没有明确的假包膜(这点和平滑肌瘤有点不一样)。肿瘤细胞的分布特征构成肿块有疏松、密集区域交替。中高倍可见血管为薄壁血管,肿瘤实质细胞为上皮样、浆细胞样细胞或梭形细胞呈索状、簇状生长。但围绕血管不是很明显(这点有点和血管肌纤维母细胞瘤不一致),背景可见肥大等炎症细胞,但总体肿瘤细胞还算在薄壁血管周有规律排列生长。
IHC:CD34、Desmin、PR、ER、actin
鉴别诊断:
侵袭性血管粘液瘤:边界不清,侵袭生长,体积更大,背景更富于粘液而实质细胞更稀疏
平滑肌瘤:形态变异大,要依靠IHC
富于细胞性血管纤维瘤:玻璃样变小-中等大血管明显,肿瘤细胞排列无规律,很随意。和本例完全相反