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姓 名: | ××× | 性别: | 女 | 年龄: | 25岁 |
标本名称: | 右卵巢肿块 | ||||
简要病史: | 足月顺产2个月后,自觉右下腹包块,无腹痛,无不规则阴道流血及异常阴道排液。妇科检查:右附件区扪及约10×7cm大小的肿块,质硬,活动差,无压痛。盆腔CT示右侧附件占位,伴有盆腔积液 | ||||
肉眼检查: | 右侧卵巢肿瘤大小约9.5×8.5×6cm,有包膜,表面光滑,略呈分叶状。切面灰黄色,部分呈桔黄色,局灶伴出血和微囊变,质地偏硬。 |
以下是引用huangzhx在2010-12-31 7:31:00的发言: 倾向肝样卵黄囊瘤 |
本例肝样SLCT虽然与肝样卵黄囊瘤(YST)虽然较难区分,但总能凭借某些小灶区组织结构特点和临床特征,还是可以初步鉴别的。本例在小灶区可找到Sretoli小管,而找不到YST特征性的Shiller-Duvei内胚窦小体和均质红染小球。
此外,本例肿瘤细胞阳性表达AFP、HepPar1、a-1-AT、WT1、CD99、CKpan、CAM5.2,而且小灶或点状表达inhibin、Calretinin、PR,特别是WT1阳性,而CK7和EMA阴性,不支持卵黄囊瘤(YST)。YST不表达WT1,可局部表达EMA和CK7。另外,YST表达AFP多是呈局部阳性,不是像本例那样呈弥漫强阳性。所以,不是肝样YST。
AFP+80% focal,CK7-,EMA-, WT1 -, inhibin- and calretenin-
To date there have been approximately 25 case reports of ovarian SLCTexpressing AFP. Most of these tumours presented in young patients in the first three decades of life ,but also seen in post-menopausal women.
Most of these sertoli-Leydig cell tumours were of the poorly differentiated type. In such cases, AFP was immunohistochemically detected in both Sertoli and Leydig cells, in Sertoli cells only,
据文献报道SLCT的异源性分化包括了肝样分化,属于上皮性异源性分化。上皮性异源性分化还包括胃肠道粘液上皮分化,网状分化等。
Am J Surg Pathol. 1984 Sep;8(9):709-18.
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with retiform and heterologous components. Report of a case with hepatocytic differentiation and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein.
Young RH, Perez-Atayde AR, Scully RE.
Abstract
A 13-year-old girl had an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor associated with marked elevation of the serum alpha-fetoprotein level. On microscopic examination, the tumor had a predominantly retiform pattern and in addition contained heterologous elements in the form of mucinous epithelium, skeletal muscle, and liver cells; alpha-fetoprotein was demonstrated within the liver cells by immunohistochemical techniques. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level fell postoperatively, but rose again when the tumor recurred. Despite radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the tumor pursued a rapidly malignant course and the patient died 9 months postoperatively.
肝样SLCT至今英文文献仅报道25例。
多发生在30以内的年轻女性,绝经期妇女罕有发生。
肝样SLCT多为低分化的。
组织学上,肝样SLCT由嗜酸性胞浆的细胞排列呈梁索状、实性或空泡状细胞构成的结构。细胞体积较大,梁索状或实性排列的肿瘤细胞呈多边形肝样细胞,围绕窦状血管生长,与肝细胞癌的形态很相似。
在免疫表型上,既表达有肝样肿瘤细胞的分子标志物(HepPar1、AFP、a1-AT等),又有支持细胞-间质细胞肿瘤标志物的表达(WT1、CD99、inhibin、calretinin、melan A等)。本例肝样标志物全部表达(不管是肝样排列的梁索状或实性区域,还是空泡细胞区域)。由于本例差分化,故明显表达WT1和CD99,而inhibin合calretinin等仅点灶状表达。
更为重要的是,本例经多次取材,可见Sertoli小管的存在,提示Sertoli-Leydig细胞分化或起源。
为什么不是肝样癌?肝样癌既具有肝样特征,又可出现卵巢表面上皮分化的肿瘤区域,如浆液性癌或内膜样癌的灶性区域。特别是免疫表型上可表达卵巢表面上皮发生的癌的特征,如表达CK7、EMA、CEA、CA125、CA19.9等。可是本例明确不表达这些标志物。
那为什么不是肝样癌伴有性索-间质肿瘤分化?同一个道理,它应该有肝样癌的卵巢肿瘤表型和残留的形态。本例中未见有这样的形态和免疫表型,所以不诊断伴有性索间质分化的肝样癌。
以下是引用XLJin8在2010-12-13 17:13:00的发言:
极为罕见的病例,非常感谢王主任的分享! 1)文献已报道卵巢可分泌AFP的肿瘤包括:卵黄囊瘤、伴有卵黄囊成分的生殖细胞肿瘤、卵巢表面上皮癌(浆液、粘液、内膜样)伴有肝样分化(肝样腺癌)、性索间质肿瘤伴有肝样分化、苗勒氏管混合性肿瘤。 2)如何鉴别性索间质肿瘤(支持-间质细胞瘤)伴肝样分化和肝样癌伴性索间质肿瘤成分?二者是一回事还是二回事? 3) 此病例如诊断为“伴肝样分化的支持-间质肿瘤”,可能为世界英文文献报道第26例;诊断为“肝样腺癌伴性索间质肿瘤”, 为文献报道的第2例。 4)如何鉴别诊断及其临床意义(肿瘤的恶性程度和治疗建议)? 5)理论上如何解释“性索间质细胞向肝细胞分化”?
谢谢! |
好问题!
让我们大家一起来讨论金主任提出的这些问题。
谢谢金主任!
请将思路再放开一些。
请见国外一篇文章的前言,讲的是AFP不只是生殖细胞肿瘤,而在一些非生殖细胞的女性肿瘤中也可表达。
Elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a foetal serum protein,occur on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or germ cell tumours, including yolk sac tumour (YST) and embryonal carcinoma of the ovary. Hence, AFP is a useful tumour marker for germ cell tumours of the ovary and is valuable for both diagnosis and follow-up.
There are non-germ cell tumours of the female genital tract that have been reported to produce AFP. These include different types of carcinomas, carcinosarcomas and sex cord stromal tumours. As the female genital tract is the site of germ cell tumours, it is important to be aware of other AFP-producing tumours, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumours in patient with elevated serum AFP. This article reviews AFP-producing non-germ cell tumours reported in different parts of the female genital tract and discusses the distinction between these entities and YST.