卵巢甲状腺肿

小弟才疏学浅的翻译，希望大家指正（英文4级没过，斗胆翻译，希望不要拍砖啊@@）

术语：
----卵巢甲状腺肿：全部或者大部分是甲状腺组织组成的畸胎瘤
1。最常见的单胚层性畸胎瘤 
2。 2-3％含有卵巢畸胎瘤（占所有卵巢畸胎瘤的2-3%）
3。大部分患者发生在50岁(40-50岁)
4。可能有甲状腺功能亢进症
5。恶性肿瘤罕见，但可以有，尤其是乳头状癌。
----约20％成熟性囊性畸胎瘤（皮样囊肿）可能甲状腺组织。如果它们包含许多其他成分，那么他们不是所谓的卵巢甲状腺肿。

 Terminology:

 ----Struma ovarii: 卵巢甲状腺肿: teratoma composed either exclusively or predominently of thyroid tissue.

1. Most common monodermal teratoma

2. 2-3% of all ovarian teratoma

3. Most patients in their fifth decade

4. May have hyperthyroidism

5. Malignancy is rare, but can have, especially papillary ca.

----About 20% mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) may have tyroid tissue. They are not called struma ovarii if they contain many other components.

 小的成熟性畸胎瘤是不是一定得有包膜存在？ Not necessary.

The classifications of 成熟性畸胎瘤, 不成熟性畸胎瘤 或malignant germ cell tumors mainly depend on the tumor components 

 More terminology issues for new pathologists

--------Primary ovarian carcinoid:

1 second most common monodermal teratoma

2. Present in pure form (15%) and with other teratomatous elements (85%)

3. May occur at any age, but most patients are peri- or postmenopausal women with nonspecific symptoms.

4. Carcinoid syndrom may occur in some patients

5. Growth patters includ insular, trabecular, mixed, and mucinous types, just as carcinoids of the GI tracts.

6. Specific and sensitive marker is chromoganin. Synatophysin is fine also.

7. Always consider to rule out GI metastatic carcinoid. The prognosis is different. Clinical history, tumor components, size, location may help you. If patients have the history of GI carcinoid, the chance of metastasis is high. If ovarian carcinoid tumor with other teratomatous elements, the possibility of ovarian primary is high.Pathologists do not need to mention definitely it is primary or second carcinoid in the report even though you can say "favor for...."

8. My personal experience is that CDX2 stain may have some value to distinguish ovarian carcinoid from GI ones. Most GI carcinoids (especially upper GI, appendix) are positive for CDX2 in the literatures. My current study shows that almost all the ovarian carcinoids are negative for CDX2.