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Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology  Volume 61(7), July 2002, p 575-584  Gangliogliomas: An Intriguing Tumor Entity Associated With Focal Epilepsies
BLUMCKE, INGMAR MD; WIESTLER, OTMAR D. MD

The morphological spectrum of gangliogliomas varies from a predominately
neuronal phenotype (cortical dysplasias, gangliocytomas) towards variants with a
prominent glial population (diffuse astrocytomas) (Figs. 2, 3). However, these
tumors may also display a clear cell morphology, which raises the differential
diagnosis of oligodendroglioma or DNT. The specific immunohistochemical profile
of gangliogliomas will usually allow a greater distinction (see below).


Fig. 2. The spectrum of gangliogliomas and its differential diagnosis.
CD34, MAP2 and Ki67 are immunohistochemical reactions. Note that MAP2 immunoreactivity
(MAP2 +) refers only to glial (neoplastic) cell elements.


 Fig. 3. Histopathological findings in gangliogliomas. The histopathological
spectrum of gangliogliomas includes patterns with a predominant neuronal
phenotype (A, B) as well as tumors with a prominent glial element (D-F).
Dysplastic neurons may manifest in small clusters but can also be observed
adjacent to the mass tumor (C). Note the morphological similarity of regions
depicted in (D) with fibrillary astrocytomas and in (E) with oligodendrogliomas.

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