原文如下

Microglandular hyperplasia is a lesion mostly seen in women of reproductive age, although it can be found in up to 6% of post-menopausal women. It is commonly associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptive use; however, a recent study has challenged these associations. Most cases are found incidentally, but gross abnormalities such as an erosion, polyp formation, or friable raised areas in the cervix can be seen. Microglandular hyperplasia can be focal or multifocal and can involve the surface epithelium and/or the endo- cervical glands. It is composed of closely packed glands of variable size and shape, with acute and chronic inflammation and little intervening stroma .The epithelium lining the glands is columnar or cuboidal, mucin producing, and contains supra- or subnuclear vacuoles. The nuclei are usually uniform, but focal atypia or nuclear variability can be encountered . Reserve cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia may be present. Mitotic figures are rare. Occasionally, microglandular hyperplasia has variable foci with a solid, pseudoinfiltrative or reticular pattern, hobnail or signet-ring cells, or stromal hyalinization.

微腺体增生

是一种最常见于生育期女性的病变，也可见于达6%的绝经后女性。常与妊娠及口服避孕药有关；然而，最近的研究对以上的相关性提出质疑。多数病例为偶然发现，但是宫颈区也常可见大体形态的异常，如：溃疡、息肉状或质脆的隆起。微腺体增生可为局灶性或多灶性，可累及表面上皮和/或宫颈腺体。由紧密拥集的、大小不一和形态各异的腺体组成，伴急性或慢性炎症几乎不累及间质。腺体内覆柱状或立方形的产黏液的上皮，含核上或核下空泡。核常一致，但局灶可有核的非典型性或大小不一。贮备细胞增生及鳞状化生可以出现。核分裂像少见。偶尔，微腺体增生可多少不一的伴有实性、假浸润或网状的方式的病灶，鞋钉样或印戒样细胞，或间质的玻璃样变。

鉴别诊断包括透明细胞癌、子宫内膜样腺癌伴微腺体模式。前者常与子宫颈肿块及浸润性生长方式相关。此外，细胞的异型性比微腺体增生大的多。多次复习数量有限的标本，子宫内膜样腺癌伴微腺体模式是仍鉴别困难。子支持子宫内膜样腺癌伴微腺体模式的生长方式为活检组织的数量较多（如2-3个蜡块）、缺乏核下空泡、与子宫内膜样腺癌的其他模式有移形、与子宫内膜间质有关系、出现复杂型的子宫内膜增生过长或背景中子宫内膜有黏液化生。此外，免疫组化胞浆vimentin阳性支持子宫内膜样腺癌伴微腺体模式然而，因为子宫内膜样腺癌vimentin的表达为局灶性或可能阴性，所以阴性的结果对活检结果的诊断没有帮助。CEA在子宫内膜样腺癌伴微腺体模式及微腺体增生中均阴性。

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