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对于这类病变的定位是判定的依据，1.特发性门脉高压症；2.VOD；3.BUDD-CHIARIsyndrome。个人还没有十分的明白，见到明确栓子可以排除前者，而后者的病变部位在肝静脉以后的部分，往往需要与心源性淤血区分。肝脏病变的情况与病程相关，并无特定的形态特异性。

1、Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) corresponds to nonthrombotic obstruction of small terminal hepatic veins, which appear narrowed or occluded with loose subintimal mesenchyme
and edematous fi brous tissue

2、Because VOD is usually associated with sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, mainly in zone 3, followed by sinusoidal obstruction, it is now believed that VOD is part of the sinusoidal
obstruction syndrome (SOS).87 VOD/SOS may complicate treatment with diff erent anticancer drugs, and may also result from intake of toxins, such as alcohol, heroin, or herbal remedies containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

 1.静脉闭塞症（VOD）与肝末端静脉的血栓阻塞无关，好像与血管内皮下基质和水肿纤维组织的松弛和闭塞有关。

2.因为VOD通常与肝窦内皮细胞的损伤，特别是来源于3区的肝窦的闭塞，目前VOD被认为是窦内闭塞综合症（SOS）的一部分。VOD/SOS可能与不同种类的抗癌药物的复杂乱用，也可能来缘于毒物的摄取，比如酒精，海洛因吗啡，或者包含双稠吡咯啶类生物碱的中草药治疗。