本帖最后由 于 2007-08-04 23:32:00 编辑
With the marked degree of cytologic pleomorphism in figures 4~5, they probably represents a case of giant cell (pleomorphic) variant of primary undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma - a very malignant primary thyroid cancer. The gender and rapid growth in recent two months are very characteristic. Most patients present at an age greater than 50 years, averaged between 60 and 65 years old. Two other histologic variants - squamoid (non-keratinizing) and spindle cell - can be seen in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas under the microscope. Mixture of the three variants is common. As a group, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is mitotically very active, invasive at its borders, and often necrotic focally. In addition to giant cells with large hyperchromatic and often bizarre nuclei, osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells can be seen in a minority of cases. Rare cases may even show heterologous mesenchymal differentiation, such as cartilage and bone.
The differential diagnosis of true sarcoma arising in the thyroid gland can be difficult, since not all anaplastic thyroid carcinomas stain for cytokeratins and thyroglobulin immunostain is usually negative. Cells in medullary carcinomas (arising from C cell) of thyroid gland can appear very pleomorphic or spindled, but there usually are better differentiated cells with neuroendocrine fetaures with or without amyloid, calcification, and giant cell reaction.
Interestingly, figures 2, 3 and 6 suggest the possibility a co-existing papillary thyroid carcinoma. This possibility requires more examination to be ruled out. 以下是引用abin 在2006-11-4 20:30:00的发言:
学习mjma老师的讲解并试译如下:
图4~5有显著的细胞学多形性,可能代表一例巨细胞(多形性)原发性未分化(间变性)癌-一种非常恶性的原发性甲状腺癌。性别和近2月快速生长很特征性。大多数患者超过50岁,平均60-65岁。两种其它组织学亚型-鳞状(非角化性)和梭形细胞-镜下可见于间变性甲状腺癌。通常见三种亚型的混合。作为一组,间变性甲状腺癌核分裂非常活跃,有浸润性边界,常有局灶坏死。除了巨细胞伴大的深染核和常见的奇异形核,少数病例可见破骨巨细胞样多核巨细胞。罕见病例甚至可显示异源性间质分化,如软骨和骨。
与甲状腺来源的真性肉瘤的鉴别诊断可能是困难的,因为并非所有间变性甲状腺癌CK阳性染色,并且甲状腺球蛋白染色通常通常阴性。甲状腺髓样癌(来自C细胞)的细胞可能显示明显的多形性和梭形细胞样,但通常有分化较好的细胞伴神经内分泌特征,伴或不伴淀粉样变、钙化和巨细胞反应。
有趣的是,图2、3、6提示可能共存甲状腺乳头状癌。排除这种可能性需要做更多检查。
With the marked degree of cytologic pleomorphism in figures 4~5, they probably represents a case of giant cell (pleomorphic) variant of primary undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma - a very malignant primary thyroid cancer. The gender and rapid growth in recent two months are very characteristic. Most patients present at an age greater than 50 years, averaged between 60 and 65 years old. Two other histologic variants - squamoid (non-keratinizing) and spindle cell - can be seen in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas under the microscope. Mixture of the three variants is common. As a group, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is mitotically very active, invasive at its borders, and often necrotic focally. In addition to giant cells with large hyperchromatic and often bizarre nuclei, osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells can be seen in a minority of cases. Rare cases may even show heterologous mesenchymal differentiation, such as cartilage and bone.
The differential diagnosis of true sarcoma arising in the thyroid gland can be difficult, since not all anaplastic thyroid carcinomas stain for cytokeratins and thyroglobulin immunostain is usually negative. Cells in medullary carcinomas (arising from C cell) of thyroid gland can appear very pleomorphic or spindled, but there usually are better differentiated cells with neuroendocrine fetaures with or without amyloid, calcification, and giant cell reaction.
Interestingly, figures 2, 3 and 6 suggest the possibility a co-existing papillary thyroid carcinoma. This possibility requires more examination to be ruled out.
以下是引用abin 在2006-11-4 20:30:00的发言:
学习mjma老师的讲解并试译如下:
图4~5有显著的细胞学多形性,可能代表一例巨细胞(多形性)原发性未分化(间变性)癌-一种非常恶性的原发性甲状腺癌。性别和近2月快速生长很特征性。大多数患者超过50岁,平均60-65岁。两种其它组织学亚型-鳞状(非角化性)和梭形细胞-镜下可见于间变性甲状腺癌。通常见三种亚型的混合。作为一组,间变性甲状腺癌核分裂非常活跃,有浸润性边界,常有局灶坏死。除了巨细胞伴大的深染核和常见的奇异形核,少数病例可见破骨巨细胞样多核巨细胞。罕见病例甚至可显示异源性间质分化,如软骨和骨。
与甲状腺来源的真性肉瘤的鉴别诊断可能是困难的,因为并非所有间变性甲状腺癌CK阳性染色,并且甲状腺球蛋白染色通常通常阴性。甲状腺髓样癌(来自C细胞)的细胞可能显示明显的多形性和梭形细胞样,但通常有分化较好的细胞伴神经内分泌特征,伴或不伴淀粉样变、钙化和巨细胞反应。
有趣的是,图2、3、6提示可能共存甲状腺乳头状癌。排除这种可能性需要做更多检查。