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心理学家划定世界幸福地图
丹麦人最幸福

If you're looking for happiness, go and live in Denmark.
It is the happiest country in the world while Burundi in Africa is the most unhappy, according to a report by a British scientist released Friday.
Adrian White, an analytical social psychologist at the University of Leicester in central England, based his study on data from 178 countries and 100 global studies from the likes of the United Nations and the World Health Organization.
"We're looking much more at whether you are satisfied with your life in general," White told Reuters. "Whether you are satisfied with your situation and environment. "The main factors that affected happiness were health provision, wealth and education, according to White who said his research had produced the "first world map of happiness."
Following behind Denmark came Switzerland, Austria, Iceland and the Bahamas.At the bottom came the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe and Burundi. The United States came in at 23rd, Britain was in 41st place, Germany 35th and France 62nd. Countries involved in conflicts, such as Iraq, were not included.
"Smaller countries tend to be a little happier because there is a stronger sense of collectivism and then you also have the aesthetic qualities of a country," White said.
"We were surprised to see countries in Asia scoring so low, with China 82nd, Japan 90th, and India 125th. These are countries that are thought as having a strong sense of collective identity which other researchers have associated with well-being."
He admitted collecting data based on well-being was not an exact science, but said the measures used were very reliable in predicting health and welfare outcomes.
 
如果你在寻找幸福,就去丹麦生活吧。
英国一位科学家上周五(7月28日)公布的一份研究报告表明,丹麦是世界上最幸福的国家,而非洲的布隆迪则是最不幸福的国家。
艾德里安·怀特是来自英格兰中部地区的莱斯特大学的一名社会分析心里学家。他根据178个国家的调查数据和来自联合国和世界卫生组织等100份全球研究资料对人们生活得幸福与否作了相关研究。
怀特说:“我们主要着眼于你是否对你的生活大致满意,是否对你的生活情况和生活环境满意。”他认为,影响幸福的主要因素包括健康、财富和受教育的程度。怀特表示,他的研究划定出了“首份世界幸福地图”。
排在丹麦之后的幸福国家是瑞士、奥地利、冰岛和巴哈马群岛。而排在“幸福名单”末尾的国家则是刚果民主共和国、津巴布韦和布隆迪。美国处于第23位,英国排在第41位,德国在第35位,法国位居第62位。像伊拉克那样涉及战乱冲突的国家则没有进入此次的幸福国家评选之中。
 怀特指出:“小国家的人民有更加幸福的趋势,因为这些国家的人有更强烈的集体主义感,以至于他们会注意到这个国家的优势。”
“我们惊讶地发现,亚洲国家的排名很低,中国排在第82位、日本第90位、印度在第125位。这些国家被认为拥有强烈的集体感,而一些研究者认为这一特征与幸福有关。”
怀特承认,收集有关幸福的数据并不是一门确切的科学,但他指出,测量幸福的方式主要依赖于人们可预知的健康程度和财富收入。

A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being:
A Challenge to Positive Psychology?
 
Adrian G. White, University of Leicester 
 
Nation SWLS Score
 
DENMARK            273
SWITZERLAND        273
AUSTRIA            260
ICELAND            260
BAHAMAS            257
FINLAND            257
SWEDEN             257
BHUTAN             253
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM  253
CANADA             253
IRELAND            253
LUXEMBOURG         253
COSTA RICA         250
MALTA              250
NETHERLANDS        250
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 247
MALAYSIA           247
NEW ZEALAND        247
NORWAY             247
SEYCHELLES         247
ST KITTS AND NEVIS 247
UAE                247
USA                247
VANUATU            247
VENEZUELA           247
AUSTRALIA          243
BARBADOS           243
BELGIUM            243
DOMINICA           243
OMAN               243
SAUDI ARABIA       243
SURINAME           243
BAHRAIN            240
COLUMBIA            240
GERMANY            240
GUYANA             240
HONDURAS           240
KUWAIT             240
PANAMA             240
ST VINCENT AND THE 240
UNITED KINGDOM     237
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 233
GUATEMALA          233
JAMAICA            233
QATAR              233
SPAIN              233
ST LUCIA           233
BELIZE             230
CYPRUS             230
ITALY              230
MEXICO             230
SAMOA WESTERN      230
SINGAPORE          230
SOLOMON ISLANDS    230
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 230
ARGENTINA          227
FIJI               223
ISRAEL             223
MONGOLIA           223
SAO TOME AND PERINI 223
EL SALVADOR        220
FRANCE             220
HONG KONG          220
INDONESIA          220
KYRGYZSTAN         220
MALDIVES           220
SLOVENIA           220
TAIWAN             220
TIMOR-LESTE        220
TONGA              220
CHILE              217
GRENADA            217
MAURITIUS          217
NAMIBIA            217
PARAGUAY           217
THAILAND           217
CZECH REPUBLIC     213
PHILIPPINES        213
TUNISIA            213
UZBEKISTAN         213
BRAZIL             210
CHINA              210
CUBA               210
GREECE             210
NICARAGUA          210
PAPUA NEW GUINEA   210
URUGUAY            210
GABON              207
GHANA              207
JAPAN              207
YEMEN              207
PORTUGAL           203
SRI LANKA          203
TAJIKISTAN         203
VIETNAM            203
IRAN               200
COMOROS            197
CROATIA            197
POLAND             197
CAPE VERDI         193
KAZAKHSTAN         193
MADAGASCAR         193
SOUTH KOREA        193
BANGLADESH         190
CONGO REPUBLIC     190
GAMBIA             190
HUNGARY            190
LIBYA              190
SOUTH AFRICA       190
CAMBODIA           187
ECUADOR            187
KENYA              187
LEBANON            187
MOROCCO            187
PERU               187
SENEGAL            187
BOLIVIA            183
HAITI              183
NEPAL              183
NIGERIA            183
TANZANIA           183
BENIN              180
BOTSWANA           180
GUINEA-BISSAU      180
INDIA              180
LAOS               180
MOZAMBIQUE         180
PALESTINE          180
SLOVAKIA           180
BURMA              177
MALI               177
MAURITANIA         177
TURKEY             177
ALGERIA            173
EQUATORIAL GUINEA  173
ROMANIA            173
BOSNIA & HERZE     170
CAMEROON           170
ESTONIA            170
GUINEA             170
JORDAN             170
SYRIA              170
SIERRA LEONE       167
AZERBAIJAN         163
CENTRAL AFRICAN RE 163
MACEDONIA          163
TOGO               163
ZAMBIA             163
ANGOLA             160
DJIBOUTI           160
EGYPT              160
BURKINA FASO       157
ETHIOPIA           157
LATVIA             157
LITHUANIA          157
UGANDA             157
ALBANIA            153
MALAWI             153
CHAD               150
IVORY COAST        150
NIGER              150
ERITREA            147
RWANDA             147
BULGARIA           143
LESOTHO            143
PAKISTAN           143
RUSSIA             143
SWAZILAND          140
GEORGIA            137
BELARUS            133
TURKMENISTAN       133
ARMENIA            123
SUDAN              120
UKRAINE            120
MOLDOVA            117
CONGO DEMOCRATIC   110
ZIMBABWE           110
BURUNDI            100
            The table above gives the SWLS score for each country presented in the map.  Data on SWLS is extracted from Marks, N., Abdallah, S., Simms, A, Thompson, S. (2006).  Scores have been presented from an index baseline of 100 for ease of comparison.  For more information on the Marks et al (2006) study, and the work of the NEF, follow this link: NEF Homepage

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